Electronic water pump structure and working principle
The water pump is an important component of the automobile engine cooling system. Its main function is to drive the coolant circulation, absorb the excess heat of the engine and transfer it to the outside air through the heat sink to avoid the engine temperature being too high. If the engine temperature is too high, the lubricating ability of the oil will decrease, which will lead to increased wear and tear of the parts. If the temperature reaches a certain value, serious failures such as cylinder pulling or tile burning of the engine will occur, and eventually the engine will be burned and scrapped.
There are two types of water pumps: traditional mechanical water pumps and electronic water pumps. The traditional engine generally uses a mechanical water pump, which drives the water pump bearing and the impeller to rotate through the pulley. The coolant in the water pump is driven by the impeller to rotate, and is used to the edge of the water pump shell under the action of centrifugal force, and at the same time generates a certain amount of water. pressure and then flow out of the sewer or water pipe.
At the center of the impeller, the cooling liquid is thrown out and the pressure is reduced. The cooling liquid in the water tank is sucked into the impeller through the water pipe under the action of the pressure difference between the inlet of the pump and the center of the impeller to realize the reciprocating circulation of the cooling liquid.
The working principle of the electronic water pump is as follows:
ECU (electronic control unit) adjusts the duty cycle through PWM (pulse width modulation) according to feedback signals such as water temperature, and transmits the signal to the controller inside the electronic water pump. The size controls the rotation of the motor, thereby driving the rotor of the impeller to rotate, thereby realizing the circulation of the coolant.
The traditional mechanical water pump works based on the engine speed, which results in that even in the cold start and low load high speed conditions where the flow demand is not high, it still needs a lot of power to drive, and the cooling capacity provided at this time is far greater. The cooling energy required by the engine actually requires a lot of power to drive.
In this way, a large part of the cooling capacity of the mechanical water pump is wasted, which consumes a lot of extra driving capacity, and the cooling effect is different from the actual needs of the engine, which will cause the power and economy of the engine to decline. The electronic water pump can precisely control the flow of the cooling device to the demand of the coolant.
The electronic water pump is composed of motor back cover, motor controller, shock-absorbing rubber ring, motor body, O-ring, impeller, sealing ring, pump cover, electrical plug, connector components, fixing bolts, etc.
With the development of science and technology and the high requirements for fuel efficiency, more and more applications of electronic water pumps are used in hybrid and new energy engines in the market.
