Pure Electric Vehicle Thermal Management System
The thermal management system of pure electric vehicles assists in driving by maximizing the use of battery energy. By carefully reusing the heat energy in the vehicle for air conditioning and batteries inside the vehicle, thermal management can save battery energy to extend the driving range of the vehicle, and its advantages are especially significant in extreme hot and cold temperatures. The thermal management system of pure electric vehicles mainly includes the main components such as high-voltage battery management system (BMS), battery cooling plate, battery cooler, high-voltage PTC electric heater and heat pump system according to different models.
The thermal management system solution for pure electric vehicles covers the entire system spectrum, from control strategies to intelligent components, managing both temperature extremes by flexibly distributing the heat generated by the powertrain components during operation. By allowing all components to operate at optimal temperatures, the pure EV thermal management system solution reduces charging times and extends battery life.
The high-voltage battery management system (BMS) is more complex than the battery management system of conventional fuel vehicles, and is integrated as a core component into the battery pack of pure electric vehicles. Based on the collected system data, the system transfers heat from the battery cooling circuit to the vehicle's cooling circuit to maintain optimal battery temperature. The system is modular in structure and includes a Battery Management Controller (BMC), a Battery Supervisory Circuit (CSC) and a high voltage sensor, among other devices.
Battery cooling panels can be used for direct cooling of pure electric vehicle battery packs, which can be divided into direct cooling (refrigerant cooling) and indirect cooling (water-cooled cooling). It can be designed and matched according to the battery to achieve efficient battery operation and extended life. The dual circuit battery cooler with dual media refrigerant and coolant inside the cavity is suitable for the cooling of pure electric vehicle battery packs, which can maintain the battery temperature in the high efficiency area and ensure the optimal battery life.
Pure electric vehicles do not have a heat source, so a high voltage PTC heater with a standard output of 4-5kW is required to provide fast and sufficient heat to the interior of the vehicle. The residual heat of a pure electric vehicle is not sufficient to fully heat the cabin, so a heat pump system is required.
