What are the Types of New Energy Batteries?
With the continuous development of new energy vehicles, power batteries are getting more and more attention. Batteries, motors and electronic control systems are the three key components of new energy vehicles. Among them, the power battery is the most critical part, which can be said to be the "heart" of new energy vehicles. So what are the power batteries of new energy vehicles? What about major categories?
1. Lead-acid battery
Lead-acid battery (VRLA) is a battery whose electrodes are mainly made of lead and its oxides, and the electrolyte is a sulfuric acid solution. In the charged state of the lead-acid battery, the main component of the positive electrode is lead dioxide, and the main component of the negative electrode is lead; in the discharged state, the main component of the positive and negative electrodes is lead sulfate. The nominal voltage of a single-cell lead-acid battery is 2.0V, which can be discharged to 1.5V and charged to 2.4V; in applications, six single-cell lead-acid batteries are often connected in series to form a nominal 12V lead-acid battery , There are 24V, 36V, 48V and so on.
As a relatively mature technology, lead-acid batteries are still the only batteries for electric vehicles that can be mass-produced because of their low cost and high-rate discharge. However, the specific energy, specific power and energy density of lead-acid batteries are very low, and it is impossible for electric vehicles using this as a power source to have good speed and cruising range.
2. Ni-cadmium battery and Ni-MH battery
Nickel-cadmium battery (often abbreviated as NiCd, pronounced "nye-cad") is a popular type of storage battery. The battery uses nickel hydroxide (NiOH) and metal cadmium (Cd) as the chemicals for generating electricity. Although the performance is better than that of lead-acid batteries, it contains heavy metals, which will cause pollution to the environment after being used and discarded.
Nickel-cadmium batteries can be charged and discharged more than 500 times, economical and durable. Its internal resistance is small, its internal resistance is very small, it can be charged quickly, and it can also provide a large current for the load, and the voltage changes little when it is discharged. It is a very ideal DC power supply battery. Compared with other types of batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries are more resistant to overcharging or over-discharging.
Ni-MH batteries are synthesized by hydrogen ions and metal nickel. The power reserve is 30% more than that of Ni-Cd batteries. They are lighter than Ni-Cd batteries, have a longer service life, and are non-polluting to the environment, but they are much more expensive than Ni-Cd batteries.
