What is the function of electric water pump for new energy vehicles?
Water pumps are mainly used in the main cooling system, turbocharger cooling circuit and intake intercooling system of internal combustion engines. They are also used in the drive system and power battery thermal management system of new energy vehicles. The water pump in electric vehicles is generally an electronic water pump (also known as an "electric water pump"). Electronic water pumps are mainly used for circulating cooling of drive motors, electric components, power batteries, etc.
In the application field of electronic water pumps, most fuel vehicles use mechanical water pumps. Some fuel vehicle engines have higher technical content and use electronic water pumps. At present, most mechanical water pumps still use traditional centrifugal water pumps. The engine crankshaft drives the impeller to rotate through the transmission belt. The coolant is thrown toward the water pump casing under the action of centrifugal force, forming a pressure difference between the center of the impeller and the water inlet of the water pump. The cooling hydraulic pressure in the radiator enters the center of the impeller. The electronic water pump is driven by a motor, generally using a brushless DC motor. The water pump shaft and the motor shaft are designed to be integrated. The built-in temperature control module controls the motor speed to adjust the coolant circulation speed.
The characteristics of electronic water pumps such as energy saving, emission reduction, high efficiency, environmental protection, and intelligent cooling determine that it is the general trend to replace mechanical water pumps. "Precision cooling" uses the minimum coolant flow to achieve optimal temperature distribution. The key to designing a precise cooling system is to select a matching cooling water pump to ensure that the heat dissipation capacity of the system can meet the operating temperature needs of critical areas of the engine at low speeds and high loads. For engines using an electric water pump cooling system, the coolant flow can be reduced by 40% throughout the entire operating speed range. Under the same configuration and cooling requirements, the energy consumption of an electric brushless DC water pump is only 16% of that of a mechanical water pump.
Advantages of electric water pumps for electric buses:
- Efficiency: By operating on demand and reducing parasitic losses, these pumps improve overall system efficiency, extend battery life and optimize electric bus performance.
- Reliability and Durability: Automotive electric water pumps are designed to withstand the harsh operating conditions of electric buses and provide reliable and long-lasting performance.
- Noise reduction: These pumps ensure a quieter ride for passengers, increasing the comfort and attractiveness of electric buses.
- Environmental benefits: By reducing energy consumption and emissions, electric water pumps actively contribute to the environmental friendliness of electric buses and promote sustainable transportation options.
