Electronic Water Pump Structure and Working Principle
The water pump is an important component of the automobile engine cooling system. Its main function is to drive the coolant circulation, absorb the excess heat of the engine and transfer it to the outside air through the heat sink to avoid excessive engine temperature. If the engine temperature is too high, the lubricating ability of the engine oil will decrease, which will lead to aggravated wear of the parts. If the temperature reaches a certain value, it will cause serious failures such as engine cylinder scuffing or burning of tiles, and eventually the engine will be burned and scrapped.
There are two types of water pumps: traditional mechanical water pumps and electronic water pumps. Traditional engines generally use a mechanical water pump, which drives the water pump bearing and impeller to rotate through the pulley. The coolant in the water pump is driven by the impeller to rotate together, and is used to the edge of the water pump shell under the action of centrifugal force, and at the same time produces a certain amount of water. Pressure, and then flow out from the outlet or water pipe.
The pressure at the center of the impeller decreases due to the coolant being thrown out, and the coolant in the water tank is sucked into the impeller through the water pipe under the action of the pressure difference between the pump inlet and the center of the impeller to realize the reciprocating circulation of the coolant.
The working principle of the electronic water pump is as follows: ECU (Electronic Control Unit) adjusts the size of the duty cycle through PWM (pulse width modulation) according to the feedback signal such as water temperature, and transmits the signal to the controller inside the electronic water pump. The size controls the rotation of the motor, thereby driving the rotation of the impeller rotor, thereby realizing the circulation of the coolant.
The electronic water pump is composed of pump casing, impeller, sealing ring, motor casing, electrical plug, motor assembly, bearing, rotor, controller, control seat, back cover, fixing bolts, etc.,
The traditional mechanical water pump works based on the engine speed, which leads to the need for a large power to drive even in cold start and low load high speed conditions with low demand for flow, and the cooling capacity provided at this time is far greater The cooling energy that is based on the actual demand of the engine, and requires a lot of power to drive.
In this way, a large part of the cooling capacity of the mechanical water pump is wasted, which consumes a lot of extra driving capacity, and the cooling effect is different from the actual needs of the engine, which will cause the power and economy of the engine to decline. The electronic water pump can precisely control the flow of cooling fluid according to the demand of the cooling device.
